Note the structure of present, perfect, passive and negative –ing forms.
I like shooting. (present)
He does not like being seen in her company. (passive)
She loves being looked at. (passive)
He was charged with having committed arson. (perfect)
He complained of having been tortured by the police. (perfect passive)
Not knowing what to do, she went home. (negative)
A gerund can be the subject, object, object of a preposition or complement of a verb.
Flying makes me sick. (subject)
Trespassing is prohibited. (subject)
We don't allow smoking in our house. (object)
My favourite activity is reading. (complement)
Our mistake was trusting him. (complement)
I don’t believe in buying wine as an investment. (object of a preposition)
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