We have already seen that adjective clauses can beclassified into subject-pattern clauses, object-patternclauses, possessive clauses, and clauses with whereand when. They can also be classified in another way:into restrictive and non-restrictive clauses.
Restrictive Clauses
An adjective clause is restrictive if it is needed toidentify (specify, clarify) which noun phrase is beingtalked about in the sentence that contains the clause.If the clause is restrictive, it it will answer the question"Which (noun) _____ ?"
Examples
1.
The person (who[m]) Judy met atKen's party called her last night.
A: Some person called Judy last night.
B: Which person called Judy last night?
A: The person (who[m] / that) she metat Ken's party.
This clause is restrictive because it's neededto identify "the person."
_________________________________________
2.
The person who called yesterday will callagain this afternoon.
A: Some person called again this afternoon.
B: Which person called again this afternoon?
A: The person who (that) called yesterday.
This clause is also restrictive; again, it's neededto specify "the person."
_________________________________________
3.
The soup that (which) Sally madeis too salty.
A: The soup is too salty.
B: Which soup?
A: The soup (that / which) Sally made.
This clause is restrictive, too: it shows which soupis being referred to.
_________________________________________
4.
The car that's (which is) parked besideJoe's belongs to Tina.
A: One of those cars belongs to Tina.
B: Which one?
A: The one that's (which is) parked beside Joe's.
Once again, the clause is restrictive; it's necessaryinformation if A wants B to know which car she isreferring to.
__________________________________________
Non-Restrictive Clauses
An adjective clause is non-restrictive if the clauseis not needed to identify which noun phrase is beingtalked about. This does not mean that the clauseshould be omitted from the sentence. Instead, itmeans that the clause gives important information,but the information is extra.
Examples
1.
Jim Peterson, who(m) Judy met atKen's party, called her last night.
This clause is non-restrictive. It's not neededto identify the person who called Judy becausethe person is identified by name: Jim Peterson.
_________________________________________
2.
Your mother, who called yesterday,called again this afternoon.
This clause is also non-restrictive. It's not neededto show which person called again this afternoon;your mother makes the person's identity very clear.
_________________________________________
3.
Sally's vegetable beef soup, which is inthe big white bowl, is too salty.
The clause inside the commas is not needed to showwhich soup is being referred to because the modifiersSally's, vegetable, and beef make this very clear.Knowing that this soup is in the big white bowl is extrainformation, so the clause "which is in the big whitebowl" is non-restrictive.
_________________________________________
4.
Tina's new car, which she bought last week,is a Corvette.
The clause inside the commas is also non-restrictive.It's not needed to to show which car is being referred tobecause the modifiers Tina's and new make this very clear. For this reason, the clause "which she bought lastweek" is extra information,
สมัครสมาชิก:
ส่งความคิดเห็น (Atom)
ไม่มีความคิดเห็น:
แสดงความคิดเห็น